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O que causa o vício em celular? Entenda o impacto no cérebro e no comportamento

Hoje em dia, é difícil encontrar alguém que fique longe do celular por muito tempo — especialmente entre os adolescentes. Checar notificações, rolar o feed do Instagram, assistir a vídeos curtos no TikTok ou jogar online virou parte da rotina. Mas por que é tão difícil largar o celular? A resposta está no cérebro — e no jeito como os aplicativos são criados para viciar.

O cérebro e a recompensa instantânea

Nosso cérebro tem um sistema chamado sistema de recompensa, que libera dopamina, um neurotransmissor ligado ao prazer, toda vez que sentimos algo bom. Isso acontece quando comemos algo gostoso, ganhamos um elogio ou fazemos algo que gostamos. E adivinha? Isso também acontece quando recebemos uma curtida numa foto, uma mensagem nova ou um vídeo engraçado.

Os aplicativos de celular são desenvolvidos para estimular esse sistema constantemente, oferecendo pequenas recompensas (como notificações, atualizações, curtidas e comentários) o tempo todo. Isso gera uma sensação de prazer rápida e faz com que o cérebro queira mais — criando um ciclo viciante.

Como o vício se forma?

Com o tempo, o cérebro começa a se acostumar com esses estímulos constantes. Isso significa que, quando o celular não está por perto, você pode sentir ansiedade, irritação ou tédio. É como se o cérebro estivesse “pedindo” por mais dopamina. Isso é chamado de dependência comportamental, e pode ter efeitos parecidos com o vício em jogos, comida ou até substâncias químicas.

Além disso, o simples hábito de desbloquear a tela e verificar o celular várias vezes ao dia se torna um comportamento automático. Muitas vezes, fazemos isso sem nem perceber.

Impactos no comportamento e na saúde mental

O uso excessivo do celular pode afetar a concentração, a qualidade do sono, a autoestima e até as relações sociais. Estudos mostram que o uso intenso de redes sociais pode aumentar sentimentos de comparação, inadequação e solidão. Além disso, o vício pode prejudicar os estudos, já que o cérebro tem dificuldade em manter o foco quando está constantemente sendo interrompido por notificações.

Como quebrar esse ciclo?

Algumas estratégias para reduzir o vício em celular incluem:

  • Desativar notificações desnecessárias.
  • Definir horários específicos para checar redes sociais.
  • Usar aplicativos que limitam o tempo de uso.
  • Deixar o celular longe na hora de estudar ou dormir.
  • Trocar o tempo de tela por atividades offline, como ler, praticar esportes ou sair com amigos.

ℹ️ Nota editorial

Este artigo faz parte do portal Cognos Space, um espaço de ideias, educação e reflexão, mantido pelo Colégio Cognos.

As opiniões aqui expressas não refletem necessariamente o posicionamento institucional do colégio, mas contribuem para o debate e formação crítica dos leitores. 

🔗 Conheça o Colégio Cognos: www.colegiocognos.com.br

Conclusão

O vício em celular é real e afeta milhões de pessoas, especialmente adolescentes. Entender como o cérebro reage aos estímulos vindos do celular é o primeiro passo para usar a tecnologia de forma mais consciente. O segredo não é abandonar o celular, mas aprender a equilibrar o tempo online com outras áreas da vida que também merecem atenção.

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