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Sete países se unem aos EUA no programa Artemis; Rússia não é mencionada

Foto: NASA

Em maio, a NASA abriu o programa lunar Artemis para que outras nações se envolvessem no retorno da humanidade à Lua, quando anunciou o que chamou de Artemis Accords (“Acordos Artemis”). Agora, a agência espacial dos EUA revelou sete países que já assinaram tais acordos — e a Rússia, ao menos por enquanto, ficou de fora.

Os países em questão são: Austrália, Canadá, Itália, Japão, Luxemburgo, Emirados Árabes Unidos e o Reino Unido. Quanto aos russos, que já haviam manifestado interesse no novo programa lunar da NASA, parece que a Roscosmos só entrará na jogada se a NASA mudar os termos dos acordos, já que o chefe da agência espacial russa, Dmitry Rogozin, declarou nesta semana que o programa é muito “centrado nos EUA”, deixando claro que seu país só estará aberto para participar se os planos focarem mais na cooperação internacional.

Sobre o anúncio de hoje com o nome dos sete países já envolvidos nos Acordos Artemis, Jim Bridenstine, administrador da NASA, disse que “com a assinatura, estamos nos unindo aos nossos parceiros para explorar a Lua e estabelecer princípios vitais que criarão um futuro seguro, pacífico e próspero no espaço, para que toda a humanidade possa desfrutar“.

O Programa Artemis já começará a enviar cargas úteis à Lua a partir do ano que vem, com a primeira mulher e o próximo homem pisando na superfície lunar em 2024 — e, para que essa presença siga constante e sustentável, como a NASA planeja, a agência precisa contar com parcerias internacionais. Indo além, o programa Artemis é fundamental, também, para os planos de a humanidade pisar pela primeira vez na superfície de Marte, com o programa que a NASA vem chamando de Moon to Mars (“da Lua a Marte”, na tradução literal).

Os parceiros da NASA deverão cumprir as normas dos Acordos Artemis, que têm uma série de princípios visando garantir um futuro “seguro, próspero e pacífico” no espaço. Essas regras abrangem todos os tipos de atividades envolvidas na exploração lunar e, entre elas, fica estabelecido que os países parceiros só podem usar recursos espaciais para a exploração de outros mundos, ficando proibidos de extrair e utilizar recursos da Lua para outros fins que não sejam a própria exploração lunar.

Também consta que o acordo visa “melhorar as relações pacíficas entre as nações” e, portanto, todas as atividades deverão ser “conduzidas para fins pacíficos, de acordo com os princípios do Tratado do Espaço Exterior”. Ainda, as regras dizem que a transparência é fundamental, então as nações devem descrever publicamente suas políticas e planos espaciais, bem como divulgar seus dados científicos para garantir que o mundo inteiro seja beneficiado pelas descobertas do programa Artemis.

“Fundamentalmente, os Acordos Artemis ajudarão a evitar conflitos no espaço e na Terra, fortalecendo o entendimento mútuo e reduzindo as percepções errôneas. Transparência, registro público, operações de eliminação de conflitos — esses são os princípios que preservarão a paz”, disse Mike Gold, administrador associado da NASA para relações internacionais.

Os princípios dos Acordos Artemis são:

  • Exploração pacífica
  • Transparência
  • Interoperabilidade, com as nações se esforçando para apoiar sistemas interoperáveis, aumentando a segurança e a sustentabilidade
  • Assistência de Emergência mútua
  • Registro de Objetos Espaciais
  • Divulgação de dados científicos
  • Preservação do patrimônio do espaço sideral
  • Extração de recursos espaciais em conformidade com o Tratado do Espaço Exterior
  • Desconflição de atividades, prevenindo interferências prejudiciais e apoiando o princípio do devido respeito, também de acordo com o Tratado do Espaço Exterior
  • Descarte seguro de detritos orbitais

Vale ressaltar que outros países ainda podem aderir aos Acordos Artemis nos próximos meses (e até nos próximos anos). Sendo assim, ainda há tempo para que os EUA e a Rússia cheguem a um entendimento, trabalhando juntos nessa nova era da exploração lunar — se este for mesmo seu interesse.

(Por Patrícia Gnipper | 13 de Outubro de 2020 às 18:10)

Fonte: Canaltech

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