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Conheça cinco curiosidades sobre os gatos domésticos

O registro mais antigo da relação entre gatos e humanos data de 9,5 mil anos

Os gatos (Felis catus) são a espécie doméstica dos carnívoros pertencentes à família dos felinos. São os menores membros dessa família, que inclui animais como o leopardo, o tigre e a onça. Assim como seus parentes, os gatos mantêm suas características predadoras tanto na constituição física, quanto na personalidade. Veja algumas curiosidades sobre os bichanos que tanto adoramos:

Domesticação
Não há como precisar a data em que os gatos foram domesticados. A teoria mais aceita é que eles próprios decidiram se domesticar ao conviver em ambientes habitados por humanos, onde a caça (pequenos animais como roedores e aves) é mais farta e acessível. Em contrapartida pelo trabalho de caça, foram aceitos e alimentados. Em comparação com os cães, que na domesticação colocaram os humanos como líder da matilha, os gatos são independentes e mais adaptados a uma vida solitária.

Registros históricos
O registro mais antigo da relação entre gatos e humanos data de 9,5 mil anos: um esqueleto felino acompanhado de um humano foi encontrado no Chipre. Fósseis semelhantes datados de 5,3 mil anos também foram localizados na China, associados ao ambiente agrário e à caça de pequenas pragas. Mas os registros mais famosos são do Egito Antigo, quando foram declarados animais sagrados durante as quinta e sexta dinastias, no período de 2465 a.C. a 2150 a.C.. Mesmo naquela época, porém, eles não necessariamente eram domesticados — as evidências mais recentes surgiram a partir de 1500 a.C.

Silenciosos e ágeis
A constituição corporal dos gatos é especializada para a caça. São animais digitígrados, ou seja, caminham pisando com a ponta dos dedos. Isso os torna mais silenciosos. E ao contrário dos cães e cavalos, os gatos caminham movendo primeiro as patas da frente e de trás de um lado, depois a patas da frente e de trás do outro. Os gatos também são animais elásticos: suas vértebras da coluna são ligadas por músculos, e não por ligamentos. Assim, conseguem alongar, contrair ou curvar as costas.

Dentes e garras
Os dentes dos gatos têm somente três funções: perfurar, segurar e cortar. Seus molares não são adaptados para a mastigação, por isso eles apenas cortam os alimentos em pedaços pequenos. As verdadeiras armas dos gatos são suas garras. Com um mecanismo muscular, eles conseguem estender as unhas para fora dos dedos, tornando suas patas quase duas vezes maiores do que quando retraídas.

Sentidos aguçados
Os gatos são animais noturnos. Suas retinas têm uma camada de guanina que as tornam mais sensíveis à luz e faz com que os brilhem no escuro. O olfato deles também é adaptado para farejar comida, especialmente substâncias nitrogenadas (presentes em peixes, por exemplo). O tato e a audição são também muito sensíveis:a capacidade sensorial é amplificada pelos bigodes, que absorvem vibrações. Já suas orelhas contam com quase 30 músculos, que possibilitam que elas se movam mais rápida.

Fonte: Revista Galielu

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