Você já ouviu falar em vulcão submarino? Pois uma pesquisa divulgada na última quarta-feira (21) mostrou que erupções vulcânicas dentro do oceano podem gerar energia o suficiente para abastecer os Estados Unidos inteiro. Os cientistas usaram um modelo matemático para entender os fenômenos.
O fundo dos oceanos é coberto de vulcões submarinos. Antes, porém, acreditava-se que eles não tinham explosões como os que se encontram na superfície, movimentando lava e nuvens de cinzas. Estudos anteriores mostraram que não é bem assim.
Os vulcões dentro d’água produzem sim cinzas, que se transformam em cortinas de água quente espalhadas primeiro para cima e depois para fora. Tudo isso propaga cerca de 40 milhões de piscinas olímpicas de água. O problema é que o mecanismo para isso permanecia um mistério.
O estudo atual, da Universidade de Leeds, no Reino Unido, descobriu a origem e como isso se forma rápido durante a erupção de lava. Para criar as nuvens de cinzas submersas, a energia liberada é capaz de abastecer os Estados Unidos por dias. A precisão de quantos, porém, ainda não foi especificada.
Imagem: Brent Keane/Pexels
Para chegar ao resultado, eles observaram fragmentos de rochas vulcânicas chamadas tefras, ou piroclasto. Só que isso acontece muito longe da superfície, sendo quase impossível de se alcançar e, infelizmente, utilizar a energia, mas, felizmente, distante também para causar algum estrago.
Em entrevista ao Daily Mail, Samuel S. Pegler, um dos pesquisadores e integrante do departamento de matemática da Universidade de Leeds, destacou que o trabalho traz evidências de que as nuvens estão diretamente ligadas à erupção e ao transporte das cinzas no fundo dos mares. “Também mostra que as nuvens devem se formar em questão de horas, criando uma taxa imensa de liberação de energia”, emendou Pegler.
Além dele, o estudo também é assinado por David J. Ferguson, esse do setor de meio ambiente da mesma universidade britânica. “Eu diria que, efetivamente, há zero chances de capturar a energia por várias razões, como o fato de não sabermos quando e onde as erupções vão acontecer”, completou Ferguson, em entrevista à Vice.
“A maior parte da atividade vulcânica da Terra acontece debaixo d’água, a maioria a profundidades de vários quilômetros, mas, em contraste com vulcões terrestres, detectar essas erupções submersas é extremamente desafiador. Consequentemente, ainda falta muito para os cientistas aprenderem sobre vulcanismo submarino e os efeitos no meio ambiente marinho”, disse Ferguson.
Estima-se que existem mais de um milhão de vulcões submarinos, a grande maioria deles extintos. Esse total conta também os que se elevam por até um quilômetro acima do nível do mar. Muitos se encontram no Oceano Pacífico.
A pesquisa completa pode ser acessada no site Nature Communications. O portal é voltado à publicações e pesquisas da área de ciências naturais.
Fonte: OlharDigital
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